The purpose of this discussion paper is to facilitate a broad discussion with organic farmers and other stakeholders, such as breeding companies, interest groups and policymakers. Hybrid rice left has a bigger yield than inbred rice right the advantages of hybrid rice are. Organization of hybrid rice breeding program using cms system. Blast and bacterial blight are serious diseases around the major ricegrowing area in the world.
Yuan b, zhai c, wang w, zeng x, xu x, hu h, lin f, wang l, pan q. In order to produce great quantities of hybrid seeds, two kinds of parental lines are needed, a seed parent which is usually male sterile and a pollen parent. Recent progress in breeding super hybrid rice in china. Studies on three countries in subsaharan africa ghana, malawi and kenya, two in asia bangladesh and thailand and one in. It has its own breeding programme and is already in the midst of implementing a contractfarming hybrid rice scheme in the northern state of kedah. Furthermore, the technologies for hybrid rice seed production have been refined and improved in recent years. Clonal seeds from hybrid rice by simultaneous genome. Provided here is a concise account of hybrid breeding in rice, a newly deployed breeding approach to increase the yield. A combination, p64se32, created a record yield of 17.
Some milestones are the contribution to the green revolution with the semidwarf varieties, the new rice plant type and hybrid rice. The production, consumption, and environmental impacts of. Therefore, breeding hybrid rice resistant to bph is the most effective and economical strategy to maintain high and stable production. Molecular improvement of grain weight and yield in rice by. In india, aprh1 is the first hybrid rice variety released in 1994. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids brri hybrid dhan2 and heera2 and one elite inbred brri dhan45 rice varieties.
For cytoplasmic malesterile lines, backcrossing for several generations will be used to create maintainer lines. Download file pdf an introduction to hybrid rice breeding pdf super hybrid rice history researchgate seed production for hybrid rice introduction to produce hybrid rice you need expert skills and strong knowledge of various practices to minimize costs and maximize returns. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china yonghong wang, yongbiao xue and jiayang li institute of genetics and developmental biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china china is the largest producer and consumer of rice in the world and a pioneer in applying hybrid rice technology. To breed an ideal cross with the highest grain yield and great stress resistance is the ultimate goal of hybrid rice breeders.
Initially it shows how diverse rice is with 22 species, different levels of ploidy and six diversity groups. Evaluation of early generation and elite breeding lines. China has been successful in breeding hybrid rice strains, but is now facing challenges to develop new hybrids with highyielding potential. These must be learned by plant breeders before initiating a comprehensive hybrid rice breeding programme. Hybrid rice breeding uses several concepts, skills and procedures which are strikingly different from those used for inbreds rice breeding. Hybrid rice is produced when the egg is fertilized by pollen from anthers of a rice plant from a different variety or line. Breeding and evaluation for hybrid rice adapted to the. Salary and appointment will be highly competitive and.
The overall objective of this program is to develop hybrid rice cultivars adapted to the southern u. But the research work on hybrid rice was initiated in 1964, in china by yuan long ping father of hybrid rice. This study provides insights in the utilization of gw6 for large grain and high yield rice breeding via molecular design breeding. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. The success of super hybrid rice breeding in china and progress in npt breeding at irri suggest that the ideotype approach is effective for breaking the yield ceiling of an irrigated rice. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. Department of plant breeding, cornell university ithaca, new york 148531901 i. At the mardi centre, grain also met with senior rice breeder, dr. Rice, super hybrid rice, heterosis, grain number, rnaseq background heterosis is a phenomenon in which hybrids exhibit superiority over their parental lines in economic traits, such as enhanced biomass production, development rate, stress tolerance and, most important, grain yield. This manual described concepts and procedures to breed rice hybrids primarily using cytoplasmic genic male sterility and the fer tility restoration system. Adoption of the hybrid rice varieties by farmers is often impaired by the high price of hybrid seed, due to low yields in hybrid seed production fields.
The main breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeders. Twoline hybrid rice breeding manual rice knowledge bank irri. These must be learned by plant breeders before initiating a comprehensive hybrid rice breed ing program. The first research on hybrid rice in 1964 was done by mr. Sime darby is collaborating with yuan longping hightech agriculture in the development of its hybrid rice seeds. Position description associatefull professor of hybrid. Mac key hybrid rice breeding in china lin shihcheng and yuan loungping male sterility in rice and its potential use in breeding j. Plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables. Hybrid rice breeding offers an important strategy to improve rice production, in which the cultivation of a male sterile line is the key to the success of crossbreeding. Markerassisted selection of twoline hybrid rice for. Guangzhan63s gz63s is an elite photoperiodic and thermosensitive male sterile ptgms line from which many widely cultivated twoline superhybrid varieties in the. In 1971 china accepted hybrid rice research as a national cooperative project and in the year.
Thiyagarajan abstract studies were conducted on 20 rice hybrids with checks to assess the. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice oryza sativa l. Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. A wild abortive watype cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice and contributes to 10% of the total rice cultivated area worldwide li et al. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for breeding hybrid rice yunbi xu ricetec, inc. The phenomenon heterosis has been applied to rice breeding for improving grain yield since the early 1970s in china cheng et al. The near doubling of texas rice yields over the last 35 years is a strong indication of the genetic variability that is available within the rice genome. A large number of new varieties, especially hybrid rice, have been developed and released in china since 1998. Rice is one of the most important model crop plants whose heterosis has been wellexploited in commercial hybrid seed production via a variety of types of malesterile lines. Difficult in breeding intersubspecific hybrid rice low seed set tall plant height poor grainfilling late maturity grain quality market solution for breeding of intersubspecific hybrid rice wide compatibility wc genes allelic dwarf gene indicajavanica hybrids in indica rice growing region japonicajavanica hybrids in japonica rice growing. Breeding rice for droughtprone environments 2 about this manual the breeding approach is to know the target environment in which the improved varieties are to be grown and ensure that the testing environments represent that environment. General studies on hybrid rice the world food prize.
Rice breeders have been very successful in improving the crop. Hybrid rice research is being conducted in 12 rice research centers of india. Rice breeding for extremely higher yielding ability by. In the town of malaybalay, on the southern island of mindanao, in the philippines, there is a sign on the highway that reads. These call for a need for an appraisal of the hybrid rice sector in asia and identify a. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice. Towards molecular breeding and improvement of rice in china.
Project methods germplasm accessions will be chosen based on experience, written information, and contact with experts in hybrid rice breeding. The hybrid rice would perhaps be used as a tool of jumping up the yield level in this stage. Increased resistance to diseases and insects hybrid rice panicles 2 on top and panicle from an inbred below the disadvantages of hybrid rice are. Conventional crossing methods will be used for developing malesterile, restorer, and maintainer lines. In the first chapter an outline is given of the affinities of the genus oryza and of the interrelationships of its species, leading to a. Nucleus and breeder seed production of a, b, r, and tgms lines. However, the degree and the speed with which future yield increases can be achieved is not known. Buy an introduction to hybrid rice breeding on free shipping on qualified orders an introduction to hybrid rice breeding. Increased vigor which makes them more competitive with weeds, and. March 2000 february 2005 an update has been written for this document, available here introduction. Ranga agricultural university for the degree of master of science in agriculture is the result of original research work done by me.
Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china. The development of hybrid rice is a practical approach for increasing rice production. Pdf copies of up to publications 5 and 2 grants produced by the. Comparative performance of hybrid and elite inbred rice. Serving as invaluable tools are mutagenic irradiation and isotope tracer techniques, which are incorporated into the various breeding.
Doubled haploids versus conventional breeding in cimmyt. Recent progress on molecular breeding of rice in china. Some aspects of cereal breeding for reliable and high yields j. Evaluation of early generation and elite breeding lines from inbred rice breeding as potential source for improving hybrid rice germplasm of philrice 2011 rico, e. Morales plant variety protection office philippines. Molecular breeding of rice restorer lines and hybrids for. Developing markerassisted selection strategies for. Research article breeding three line rice hybrids with good grain quality s.
Review and prospects on rice breeding and extension in china yang shihua, cheng benyi, wu jianli, shen weifeng, c heng shihua china national rice research institute, hangzhou 36, china abstract. The pikp resistance to magnaporthe oryzae in rice is mediated by a pair of closely linked ccnbslrr genes. More than 35 hybrid rice varieties have been released in india till now. The international rice research institute irri has offered several shortterm training courses in hybrid rice breeding. Because of the great impact of watype cms on agriculture, many studies have attempted to elucidate the cmscausing gene in wa mitochondria and to determine the fertility restorer genes for wacms. Rice blast, caused by the magnaporthe oryzae fungus, is one of the most frequent and costly rice diseases in the midsouth and in other temperate ricegrowing regions worldwide wang and valent, 2009. The identification of wild abortive or wa type cytoplasmic male sterility in 1970 was a breakthrough in hybrid rice breeding. This study on plant breeding and seed systems for rice, vegetables, maize and pulses in bangladesh is an input to a sixcountry study of plant breeding and seed systems. Characterization and use of male sterility in hybrid rice breeding. O development of hybrid rice o development of special purpose rice o variety development for rainfed, upland and abiotic stressprone environments breeding programs. Dissecting combining ability effect in a rice nciiiii. D or i will rip you out first amendment audit atu duration. Doubled haploids versus conventional breeding in cimmyt wheat breeding programs huihui li, ravi p. Genetic analysis for the grain number heterosis of.
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